US Department of Energy

Funds national energy research and infrastructure through multiple programs, laboratories, and mission-focused development streams.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) is the federal cabinet-level agency responsible for US energy policy, the national laboratory complex, nuclear security, and energy-technology R&D. DOE funds basic science, applied energy research, and industrial demonstration programs across its 17 national laboratories and a network of sub-offices.

Under the 2025–2026 reorganisation led by Secretary Wright, DOE's primary active grant-making offices are ARPA-E, CMEI (successor to EERE), the Office of Science (SC), the Grid Deployment Office, the Hydrocarbons and Geothermal Energy Office (HGEO, formerly FECM), Office of Indian Energy, and the Office of Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chains. The Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (OCED) has been wound down via mass project terminations. The flagship new cross-cutting initiative is the Genesis Mission, an AI-accelerated science programme led by the Under Secretary for Science.

DOE is the largest funder of physical-science research in the United States, with an annual budget exceeding $40 billion. Most grants flow through specialist sub-offices; the top-level department administers few programs directly except the Genesis Mission RFA.